Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for 5G Wireless Networks Using Grey Wolf Optimization

The advent of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology has revolutionized data transmission, enabling ultra-high-speed communication and enhanced connectivity.However, achieving these advancements requires ultra-low latency, which places stringent demands on antenna design.This study introduces a novel, optimized dual-band microstrip patch antenna tailored for 5G applications.The proposed design employs a nine-patch grid layout to enhance bandwidth and radiation characteristics.The antenna operates efficiently at 24 GHz and 32 GHz, aligning with key 5G frequency bands.The Rogers RO3210 substrate, chosen for its superior properties such as low dielectric loss and high-frequency stability, features a thickness of 1.2 mm.The physical dimensions of the antenna were meticulously optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm to achieve superior performance metrics.Simulation results demonstrate wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, and stable radiation patterns.The optimized antenna achieves a peak gain of 9.5 dB with a radiation efficiency of 86%, making it suitable for high-performance 5G networks.The compact size, coupled with the optimized design, ensures easy integration into modern communication devices.This study underscores the potential of advanced optimization techniques and innovative structural layouts in realizing next-generation antennas for 5G applications.