Semi-Flexible Compact Wi-Fi 6E Hilbert Curved Based Antenna for Wearable Applications

This study presents the design and development of a compact, semi-flexible Hilbert curve-based antenna (HCA) for body-centric sensing applications, covering the WiFi 6E (6 GHz band), upper C-band, and lower X-band frequencies. The proposed antenna offers an ultra-wide bandwidth of 3.73 GHz and a moderate gain of 2.95 dBi, making it ideal for wearable technologies. It is fabricated on a semi-flexible Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, which ensures minimal losses at high frequencies while maintaining mechanical robustness under dynamic conditions. The antenna's performance was assessed using flat rectangular human and Hugo voxel phantoms, confirming its stable radiation characteristics and low specific absorption rate (SAR) values. Despite its compact footprint of 11.85 mm × 14 mm, the antenna achieves a measured wide impedance matching across the 5.82-9.55 GHz, ensuring reliable operation even under mechanical stress.