STEMS: Spatial-Temporal Mapping for Spiking Neural Networks

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are event-driven bio-inspired neural networks. Recent research has trained SNN models with accuracy on par with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) on computer vision tasks. Due to their sparse, event-based computation, SNNs are particularly promising for energy-efficient processing, especially in event-based vision applications. However, neurons have internal states which evolve over time and keeping track of them can be costly. Hence, efficiently deploying them, especially on memory-constrained edge devices, requires careful mapping of their computation across both spatial and temporal dimensions. <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">To address this issue, we introduce STEMS, Spatial-Temporal Mapping for SNNs. STEMS supports inter-layer mapping exploration, as well as loop tiling optimizations. By applying STEMS inter-layer exploration, we show up to 12× reduction in external memory traffic and up-to 5× reduction in energy consumption. Finally, we show that neuron states may not be needed in early SNN layers. By optimizing neuron states in one of our benchmarks, we reduced neuron states by 20x and improved energy performance by 1.4x saving without sacrificing accuracy.