Reconfigurable and Nonvolatile Graphene Photodetector Integrated onto Photonic Crystal Waveguide

A reconfigurable and nonvolatile graphene photodetector integrated graphene and ferroelectric layer onto the air-slotted photonic crystal (PC) waveguide was fabricated and characterized. The device demonstrated nonvolatile positive and negative photocurrents in reconfigurable graphene <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$p-i-n$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$n-i-p$</tex> homojunction configurations under telecommunication band laser illumination. This design concept can extend to other two-dimensional semiconductors, offering potential for on-chip optoelectronic synapses, in-memory sensing, computing, and neuromorphic applications.