A Novel Super Wide Band Monopole Antenna With a Curved Ground Plane for 6G and Wireless Communications

The increasing demand for higher data rates and broader bandwidths has driven the development of innovative antenna designs tailored to meet these requirements. To effectively create antennas capable of spanning frequencies from the low microwave range to millimeter-wave bands, it is essential to optimize both the antenna structure and the ground plane. Incorporating curved profiles in the ground plane has proven to significantly extend the bandwidth of the antenna. This work offers a qualitative evaluation to explore the impact of curved profiles on bandwidth enhancement. Consequently, a new antenna with different configurations of curved ground plane, aimed at supporting the Ka-band frequencies for 5G and future 6G technologies while maintaining good performance equally in the X band is presented. The proposed antenna achieves a VSWR≤2 bandwidth ratio of 60.79:1, covering a frequency range of 823 MHz to 50 GHz, with a realized maximum gain of 6.52 dBi, cross-polarization levels no higher than -10 dB, omnidirectional radiation in the azimuth plane, and an electrical size of 0.28 x 0.28 x 0.14 relative to the maximum wavelength λ