Research-based learning: Creative thinking skills of elementary students in biological science learning

Creative thinking as a 21st-century skill is fundamental to human development and a catalyst for innovation. Researchers often study it because it encourages students to analyse, synthesise and evaluate information from various angles, which is essential for making decisions and solving complex problems. This study aimed to determine the difference in creative thinking skills between pupils who follow the research-based learning (RBL) and cooperative learning models. Data were collected from 60 primary school pupils using creative thinking skills instruments within a quasi-experimental design. Data analysis involved Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to answer the research questions. The findings show that based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the RBL learning model has a significant effect on learners’ creative thinking skills in science learning. Where there are differences in creative thinking skills between pupils who follow the RBL learning model and those who follow the Cooperative Learning learning model, it can be seen from the results obtained in the experimental class and control class. Thus, RBL can be recommended for improving pupils' creative thinking skills rather than cooperative learning in science classes at the primary level.