Protective and Curative Effects of Sider Honey and Vitamins A, C, and E against Penicillin- and Streptomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Guinea Pigs

Bacterial infections pose a significant health risk, particularly in developing countries where antibiotics likepenicillin and streptomycin are commonly used. However, these antibiotics can lead to nephrotoxicity bygenerating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress and damage to the kidneys. Thisstudy aimed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of Ziziphus spina-christi (Sidr) honey, alongwith vitamins A, C, and E, both individually and in combination, against kidney damage induced bypenicillin and streptomycin in guinea pigs. A total of 200 guinea pigs were divided into 20 groups, eachcontaining 10 animals. Groups 1–13 received concurrent treatments with antibiotics and antioxidants overa period of 30 days, while groups 14–20 were treated with antioxidants following 20 days of antibioticadministration. We assessed renal function markers, including urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels, andconducted histological analyses of kidney tissues. The results indicated that both Sidr honey and the vitamins significantly reduced levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine compared to the groups treated solely with antibiotics, demonstrating improved renal function. Histological analysis also showed decreased kidney damage, with the combination of vitamin treatments offering the most substantial protection. The study concluded that Sidr honey and vitamins A, C, and E effectively reduce antibiotic-inducednephrotoxicity, emphasizing their potential as therapeutic agents for preserving kidney health. Further research is recommended to explore their clinical applications.