Evaluating The Causal Relationship Between Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids And Hypertension: Insights From A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

To investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and hypertension using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Data from a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) database was used to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ω-3 PUFA levels as instrumental variables. Five MR methods were employed for causal inference: MR-Egger regression, weighted median, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode. The analysis was complemented by pleiotropy tests using the MR-Egger intercept and the MR-PRESSO method, alongside a 'leave-one-out' sensitivity analysis. The analysis showed no significant causal effects of ω-3 PUFA on hypertension across all methods (P > 0.05). The pleiotropy tests and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings. This MR study found no evidence supporting a causal relationship between ω-3 PUFA intake and hypertension, indicating that additional factors may modulate this association.