Detection of Biochemical, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage Caused by Glufosinate-Ammonium on the Zebrafish Cell Line

Pesticides widely used in agriculture can enter aquatic ecosystems and threaten non-target organisms in the environment. In this study, sublethal toxic effects of glufosinate-ammonium on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver fibroblast cell line (ZFL) were investigated. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests; MTT, neutral red uptake, lactate dehydrogenase, trypan blue tests were observed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours; apoptosis and necrosis detection at 48 and 96 hours, cell proliferation detection at 72 hours, micronucleus test at 96 hours. A sublethal dose of 2000 mgL-1 was determined as the initial concentration and there are dilution differences between the tests. As a result of the tests; Decreases were observed in all applications compared to the negative control in MTT, neutral red uptake, trypan blue, % necrosis and cell proliferation detection tests; in lactate dehydrogenase and % apoptosis tests, an increase were observed in all applications compared to the negative control. In the micronucleus test, it was determined that glufosinate-ammonium application stimulated micronucleus formation compared to the negative control. Biochemical tests were performed in ZFL cell lines with 96-hour application. Selected groups; control group, 250 mgL-1, 500 mgL-1 and 1000 mgL-1 glufosinate-ammonium doses. Evaluated biochemical parameters; lipid peroxidation determination, reduced glutathione determination, catalase enzyme activity determination, acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity determination and total protein determination. As a result of biochemical experiments; lipid peroxidation level at 1000 mgL-1; catalase enzyme activity 250 mgL-1; total protein levels in all concentrations increased compared to the control. lipid peroxidation level at 250 mgL-1 and 500 mgL-1; catalase enzyme activity 500 mgL-1 and 1000 mg/L; GSH level and AChE enzyme activity decreased at all glufosinate-ammonium dose applications. It is thought that the obtained results will provide important contributions to the literature and shed light on further research.