Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards Lung Cancer and Risk Factors Among People of East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya: A Mixed Method Study

Introduction Limited research exists on public awareness, knowledge and practices related to lung cancer in resource-constrained regions like the East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, India. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing community understanding, attitudes and practices concerning lung cancer and its risk factors, aiming to contribute to its prevention. Methods A mixed-method approach employed nine qualitative focus group discussions (FGDs) with 62 participants and a structured questionnaire for 1,194 participants. Thematic analysis (MAXQDA 2020), independent t -tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results Participant familiarity with ‘lung cancer’ was moderate (mean knowledge score: 33.5%). Notably, 67% recognised the dangers of passive smoking, and a substantial proportion (67.6%) reported betel nut usage, with 42% being smokers. Improved knowledge correlated positively with education and occupation [significant predictors ( β = 0.125 and 0.099)]. Qualitative analysis of FGDs revealed five distinct themes. Conclusion Considering the community’s socio-economic status during awareness programmes in the local language is crucial. This ensures community engagement, highlighting the importance of screening, early diagnosis and treatment. Tailored education and practices address knowledge gaps, promoting healthy behaviours and proactive health management.