Genetic Diversity Studies in Durum Wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L. var. <i>durum</i>) Advanced Lines Based on Cluster and Principal Component Analysis Using Agronomic Traits in Northwestern E

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) production and productivity in Ethiopia is low as compared to the world average productivity because of limited breeding and pre breeding interventions. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis are valuable tools for identifying and improving plant traits in durum wheat genotypes. This study, conducted at the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research's Pawe Agricultural Research Center, Injibara substation, aimed to assess the clustering patterns of durum wheat genotypes and pinpoint key traits that differentiate these genotypes. A total of 45 durum wheat genotypes were examined using a 5x9 alpha lattice design during the 2020/2021 cropping season. Results from the analysis of variance underscored significant variations (P ≤ 0.01) among genotypes for all traits studied. Cluster analysis revealed the classification of the 45 durum wheat genotypes into six distinct clusters. Genotypes in Cluster IV exhibit significant genetic diversity, making them valuable candidates for direct integration into hybridization programs aimed at cultivating high-yielding durum wheat varieties. On the other hand, genotypes in cluster I showcase distinct genetic variations in protein content, suggesting their potential use in augmenting protein and gluten levels as well as other favorable attributes beyond grain yield in breeding initiatives, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified five principal components with Eigen values above one, jointly elucidating 79.41% of the total variation. The findings suggest promising prospects for enhancing yield and desirable characteristics through selective breeding. Nonetheless, given the study's single-season scope, further evaluations across diverse locations and over multiple cropping seasons are imperative to validate and build upon these initial insights.