Macro Morphological Studies on the Uterus Of She-Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The study of the reproductive female camel was focused on the structure and positioning of the uterus. The uterus, a large, thick-walled muscular organ, was found to house embryos until birth and appeared red or greyish-white in colour. Located between the pelvic and abdominal cavities, the uterus was supported by the broad ligaments, which comprised peritoneum, muscle fibres, and connective tissue. This ligament is connected cranially to the ilium and caudally to the sacrum. The uterus was divided into two parts: the cranial transverse part, consisting of the uterine horns, and the caudal longitudinal part, forming the uterus body. The uterus of camels exhibited a T-shape rather than the classical Y-shape, with the left horn being significantly longer than the right. Blood supply was provided by the middle uterine artery. The study also noted the absence of caruncles in the uterine body and horns, with the endometrial surface showing variations in colour from creamy to red depending on functional state. Detailed measurements indicated differences in length and circumference between the left and right horns, with the left being larger. The findings highlighted the complex and adaptive nature of the camel’s reproductive system, essential for its survival in harsh desert environments.