Enhancement of mRNA Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) Induced Anemia in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm that can lead to mechanical disturbances and malnutrition, potentially causing anemia. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and vascularization, which may impact anemia in OSCC patients. This study aimed to investigate the differential mRNA expression of VEGF-A in OSCC patients with and without anemia.Method: This cross-sectional observational study analyzed 39 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from OSCC patients (13 with anemia, 26 without anemia). VEGF-A mRNA expression was quantified using qPCR with GAPDH as a reference gene. The Livak method was used to determine VEGF-A expression levels. Data were analyzed using GenEX MultiD 6.0 software, and statistical significance was assessed using independent T-tests. Results: VEGF-A mRNA expression in OSCC patients varied based on anemia status (1.94-fold), tumor size (1.44-fold), histological grade (1.21-fold), and anemia severity (1.30-fold). Significant differences in VEGF-A mRNA expression were observed for anemia status and tumor size (p 0.05), while histological grading and anemia severity showed no significant differences. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant difference in VEGF-A mRNA expression in OSCC patients with anemia, particularly in relation to tumor size. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between VEGF-A expression and anemia in OSCC, potentially informing future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.