Stress Factors in Adolescent Exposed to Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on the Ecological Model: A Secondary Data Analysis

Purpose: This study identifies the factors affecting stress among adolescents exposed to violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, using an ecological model. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed to analyze secondary data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020 and 2021. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the prevalence of general and health-related characteristics among participants, while a complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with their stress levels. Results: A total of 1,494 adolescents received hospital treatment for violence. Among them, 44.3% (n=662) reported experiencing little stress, while 55.7% (n=832) reported feeling a high level of stress. Stress was significantly associated with individual factors (lack of physical activity, skipping breakfast, dissatisfaction with sleep, and feelings of loneliness), family factors (living with family), and school factors (lower academic achievement). Conclusion: The pandemic heightened stress levels among adolescents, underscoring the need for greater attention and support. This emphasizes the importance of a multifaceted youth mental health policy grounded in an ecological model, encouraging regular stress management and the maintenance of physical, mental, and social well-being. This equips them to cope effectively with unexpected challenges.