BRICS: Modern Trends in the Development of Tourism. Part 2

After COVID-19, as noted in the first part of the comprehensive article on tourism development trends, a medical or biological, cultural, social, and political phenomenon has emerged in the tourism and hospitality sector. This article examines sustainable tourism and hospitality development trends in BRICS countries as of 2023 and provides preliminary assessments for 2024, the potential for tourism development is determined based on the Metadata of the IMF and the United Nations. Projections up to 2040 are also given. The trends are contradictory in spatial and temporal coordinates, primarily due to the geopolitical situation affecting cooperation in this sector with "friendly countries" because of secondary sanctions imposed on them by "unfriendly countries." In BRICS countries, as well as globally, there is a significant influence from the shift to digital platforms across all elements of the tourism product value chain, as well as the import substitution of all equipment supplies, including passenger aircraft, high-speed trains like "Sapsan," cruise ships, and components for transport infrastructure, accommodation, and food service facilities with their associated infrastructure and equipment. Climate change, tourist trust and sentiment, the financial viability of the tourism business and its clients, and support from national governments of BRICS member states have been especially impacted by political instability in the Arab region, where the military conflict now involves Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and, as of recently, Iran, a BRICS member.