The Role of Entrepreneurship in the Development of Russian Civilization

In developed Western market economies, entrepreneurs form the basis of the middle class and provide a high level of well-being for the population of the entire country. Tax payments of entrepreneurs form local and regional budgets of states, determining the significant growth rates of the economy and the development of the social sphere. One of the key tasks in the modern history of Russia is precisely the strategic development of entrepreneurship as a guarantee of poverty reduction and achieving a high level of real incomes of the population. However, over the past decades since the transition of the Russian economy to market principles of socio-economic development, the goal of forming a sufficient share of entrepreneurs in the structure of society to ensure the social well-being of the entire society has not been achieved. Accordingly, in the scientific community of Russia, issues of the influence of entrepreneurship on the development of Russian civilization are still intensively investigated. In this regard, the historical aspects of the development of entrepreneurship in Russia after the abolition of serfdom and before the Great October Socialist Revolution, the importance of the NEP for the restoration of the economy of the RSFSR and the USSR, the reasons for the abolition of the NEP in the late 1920s in the USSR, the formation of entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation after the transition to a market economy. A review of the economic and political conditions that influenced entrepreneurship in Russia allows to determine the prospects for the development of entrepreneurship in modern conditions. Also, that the main thing, the historical aspects of the development of domestic entrepreneurship make it possible to formulate the necessary political decisions and actions capable of ensuring the upbringing and formation of a sufficient number of entrepreneurs for the purpose of forming a prosperous society and a developed market economy in Russia on the principles of establishing a fair legal space, development and implementation of production innovations, data digitalization and new industrialization, creation of technological sovereignty and fulfillment of the conditions of socio-ecological-economic balance, in accordance with the strategy of sustainable development. New in Russian entrepreneurship should be the development of small forms of high-tech industry in the production and energy sectors.