The semiotics of ornamental facades in residential microdistricts of Аlmaty

This research is dedicated to the semiotic analysis of the meanings embedded in the architecture of residential buildings, viewed as sign systems within the urban space. The aim is to identify the role of ornamentation on the facades of residential buildings in Almaty's microdistricts in constructing identity (cultural, local, collective) and shaping urban memory through semiotic analysis. The work deepens the understanding of architectural semiotics using a regional example (the city of Almaty) and argues for the preservation of these developments as carriers of identity and memory, which constitutes its scientific and practical significance. The methodology is based on a semiotic approach, involving the analysis of ornamental elements as signs (iconic, indexical, symbolic) within a cultural-historical context, based on visual examples. Characteristic types of ornamentation from the 1960s-80s in Almaty have been identified. The analysis revealed multi-layered meanings associated with the era and culture. Ornamentation plays a key role in constructing identity and maintaining the urban memory of microdistrict residents. The value lies in applying semiotics to the architecture of Almaty, demonstrating the role of decor in typical developments as a carrier of meanings and codes from the Soviet period. The practical results justify the preservation of ornamentation as an element of heritage and identity, useful for urban planners and architects.