Analysis of Pharmacy Accessibility and Function in Wakayama Prefecture Using Geographic Information System

Studies investigating pharmacy accessibility have demonstrated value for analyzing healthcare resource distribution and regional disparities. However, researchers have not yet conducted a comprehensive investigation of the geographical distribution of pharmacies. This study aimed to examine the geographic accessibility and functionality of pharmacies in Wakayama Prefecture using a geographic information system. This cross-sectional study analyzed pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics in Wakayama Prefecture from November 2024 to March 2025. The investigation was conducted at the secondary medical region level, evaluating the population percentage within pharmacy service areas. The study also collected and analyzed data on pharmacy-to-population ratios, operating hours, numbers of full-time pharmacists, and pharmacy functions. Results indicated that pharmacies were predominantly concentrated in northern and coastal regions. The Wakayama Medical Region showed the highest population percentage (69.4%) within an 800-m service radius, while the Gobo Medical Region showed the lowest (35.6%). Analysis of pharmacy functions revealed disparities exceeding 20% for 24-hour service and home dispensing services. These findings suggest that despite Wakayama Prefecture's pharmacy density exceeding the national average, accessibility challenges persist due to regional disparities within the prefecture. The results emphasize the need to address regional disparities in pharmacy accessibility and promote equitable distribution of medical resources. Future research should include a survey tailored to the needs of local residents to identify areas for improvement.