Innovative and sustainable strategies for algal bloom mitigation and water quality enhancement

Industrial activities increasingly release toxic pollutants into water bodies, threatening ecological and human health. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a critical concern, often resistant to traditional water treatment methods, highlighting the need for innovative, eco-friendly solutions. This study evaluates advanced materials, including layered Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF8, core-shell Fe 3 O 4 @ZIF8, FeCN, BiOBr, and CuBDC, to inhibit bloom-forming algae under visible and UV light. BiOBr demonstrated superior performance at low concentrations, effectively inactivating Microcystis aeruginosa. Chlorophyll pigment and phycobiliprotein content analysis revealed its mechanism of action. As a cost-effective and sustainable solution, BiOBr offers promise for mitigating HABs, protecting ecosystems, and enhancing water quality. This research highlights the transformative potential of novel materials in addressing global water pollution challenges.