Laboratory Modeling Techniques for Primary and Secondary Cataracts: Methodology and Analysis

This article is dedicated to the development of a laboratory methodology for modeling lens pathologies and cataract membranes of various etiologies. These models are essential for determining precise parameters of surgical or laser interventions for primary and secondary cataracts. The study explores two models based on chemical treatment leading to cataract formation. Two approaches to cataract modeling were investigated: soaking in formalin and exposure to reactive oxygen species (oxidative cataract). The optical properties of these models under laser treatment were also analyzed. It was found out that modeling intraocular lens opacification with hydrogen peroxide, a stable decline in optical response was observed during IR pulses—around 60% after 24 h, dropping to 30% after 72 h. This is attributed to increased scattering and capsule thickening. In contrast, formalin-induced capsule opacification initially caused a threefold increase in signal amplitude, likely due to increased tissue rigidity and greater displacement during heating. However, as tissue thickened, the optical response declined, returning close to baseline.