Optimization of Phase Selection for CO ₂ Pipeline Transportation: Enhancing Energy Efficiency Across Temperature Variations

Achieving the targets of carbon peak and neutrality requires advanced technologies, such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), with high‐pressure pipeline transport being the most cost‐effective method for large‐scale, long‐distance CO 2 transport within the CCUS chain. While supercritical phase transport is generally regarded as the most energy efficient, this study systematically examines the influence of pipeline diameter, ambient temperature, initial conditions, and flow rate on energy consumption across both the supercritical and liquid phases. The results indicate that while supercritical transport remains advantageous at higher temperatures, liquid‐phase transport proves to be more efficient at ambient temperatures below 14 °C. This analysis offers new insights into optimizing CO 2 transport by considering phase selection based on environmental factors, challenging the traditional preference for supercritical transport, and providing guidance for more energy‐efficient and adaptable CCUS solutions.