Risk factors associated to bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature newborns in a hospital of the metropolitan region of Curitiba

OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical and epidemiological factors of premature newborns and check associations to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS: A transversal, analytical, retrospective study of clinical and epidemiological variables of patients with gestational age = 32 weeks and weight = 1500 grams. The Chi-Squared test or Fishers exact test were used to select variables. The area under the ROC Curve was calculated towards final models. RESULTS: 54 patients were selected, from which 53.7% developed BPD. When comparing patients with and without BPD: gestational age (OR: 0.35 and CI95%: 0.17-0.60) (p=0.001), maternal age (OR: 0.85 and CI95%: 073-0.96) (p=0.019), male sex (OR: 4.66 and CI95%: 1.12-2.38) (p=0.044), need of orotracheal intubation (OTI) in the delivery room (OR: 12.32 and CI95%: 2.91-86.01) (<0.001), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) at the fourteenth day of life (OR: 9.5 and CI95%: 1.18-202.22) (p=0.05) and receiving DART protocol (OR: 20 and CI95%: 3.54-173.36) (p<0.001) were considered risk factors for BPD. Comparing patients with moderate to severe BPD and patients without moderate to severe BPD, only gestational age (OR: 0.43 and CI95%: 0.23-6.87) (p=0.001), motherly age (OR: 0.86 and CI95%: 0.76-9.69) (p=0.01) and need of OTI in the delivery room (OR: 11 and CI95%: 2.60-76.58) (p=0.003) were significant. CONCLUSION: 53.7% of patients developed BPD, being gestational age, motherly age, male sex, need of OTI in the delivery room, IMV at the fourteenth day of life and receiving DART protocol considered risk factors, although IMV at the fourteenth day of life, receiving DART protocol and male sex ceased to be risk factors when only patients with moderate to severe BPD were selected.