Management of Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Retrospective Analysis of Demographic Predictors and Treatment Outcomes in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Context: Chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD represent significant global health challenges. This study aims to elucidate the interplay between demographic characteristics, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes by examining a cohort of 203 patients with these disorders. Aims: The study analyses demographic profiles, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes among individuals with asthma and COPD. It also investigates relationships among exacerbation rates, comorbidities, and healthcare utilization. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective analysis focused on patient demographics, smoking habits, comorbidities, medication use, exacerbation frequency, and healthcare utilization. Statistical Analysis Used: Prevalence, outcomes, and management trends were assessed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (v22). Descriptive statistics (mean, SD, frequency) were calculated. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables; t-tests for continuous variables. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The cohort mainly comprised older adults, with 60.1% female and 37.4% aged 61–80. Most (92.6%) were Saudi nationals. Only 12.8% were current smokers; 76.4% had unclear smoking histories. Asthma was more prevalent (63.1%) than COPD (29.1%); 7.9% had both. Most patients used inhaled corticosteroids (99%) and long-acting β-agonists (95.1%). ICU admissions occurred in 38.4%, with 45.8% experiencing exacerbations. Pneumonia was undiagnosed in 56.7%. Among COVID-19 patients, 5.4% had exacerbations. The overall mortality rate was 7.9%. Conclusions: Statistically significant associations between disease type, age, healthcare utilization, and ICU admissions highlight the need for stratified management. Incorporating validated predictors may improve prognosis and reduce mortality.