Modern evolutionary and institutional approaches to the analysis of economic growth in the context of global instability

Annotation. The article examines modern evolutionary and institutional approaches to the analysis of economic growth in the context of global instability. The purpose of the work. To consider modern evolutionary and institutional approaches to the analysis of economic growth. To investigate the relationship between institutional changes and economic growth rates. Methodology. The research uses methods of historical and economic analysis, theory of industrial and technological balance of the economy, system paradigm, evolutionary and institutional theory, expert and analytical assessments. Results. Modern evolutionary and institutional approaches to the analysis of economic growth are considered. The emphasis is placed on the role of institutions in shaping economic dynamics, their ability to adapt to global challenges and ensure long-term development. The relationship between institutional changes and economic growth rates is investigated, and the transformations caused by historical, political, and social factors are analyzed. Theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the impact of institutional changes on economic development are also being studied. Conclusions. The dynamics of economic growth in Russia and Central Asian countries confirms the importance of institutional factors in the formation of sustainable economic models. In recent years, Central Asia has demonstrated higher GDP growth rates compared to Russia, driven by integration processes, increased exports of raw materials, and demographic advantages. At the same time, institutional constraints related to the lack of transparency of economic policy and the weakness of the legal system continue to have a negative impact on investment activity. In Russia, institutional adaptation and economic policy are aimed at creating conditions for import substitution and technological independence, which requires an integrated approach to reforming the economic system.