Nipah Virus Vaccine: Past, Present, and Future Developments as Zoonotic Diseases Prevention

A novel zoonotic Paramyxovirus called Nipah virus (NiV) has a profound impact on the respiratory and neurological systems of humans, often leading to severe and fatal outcomes. Initially discovered during an outbreak of encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia and subsequent occurrences have been observed annually in Bangladesh and India. Due to the highly pathogenic nature of NiV, its potential for global spread, and the absence of approved vaccines or treatments, it is crucial to invest in research and development to create precise and sensitive diagnostic tools, antiviral medications, and vaccines. This review focuses on providing an overview of the advancements and the most recent developments in the deployment of NiV vaccines, aiming to aid in the prevention and control of future outbreaks.