The Dynamic of Equine Farming in the Arid Mediterranean Area in Tunisia: Tradition Meets Modernity

This study aimed to characterize equine farming systems in the desertic Médenine region (Tunisia) based on a survey of 70 breeders. Equine farming is significant, with herds reaching up to 25 mares. Typically, farms have 1 to 3 horses, mainly for leisure and some commercial purposes. The survey found that all farmers are men, aged 22 to 42, with 67% having secondary education and agricultural training. Farms average 13.2 hectares, with 4.3 hectares dedicated to agricultural use and 0.295 hectares for horses, reflecting a system adapted to the region's climate. The primary farming system is mixed, combining agriculture, livestock, and sometimes tourism. In addition to horses, goats, and cattle are raised for milk and meat. The main breeds are purebred Arabian and Arabian-Barb horses, selected for traits suited to both leisure and commercial needs. The study identifies three equine farming typologies: (i) leisure, tourism, and popular games farming; (ii) foal commerce farming; and (iii) competition and racing farming. These typologies reflect different breeding goals, from cultural traditions to tourism and competitive markets. Despite limited land and resources, farmers use strategies such as external feed and advanced breeding techniques to maintain horse health and productivity. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the equine farming systems in the Médenine region, including farmers' demographics, farming structures, breeds, and typologies.