Research trends and hotspots of recurrent spontaneous abortion with immune dysfunction: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024

This study highlights the pivotal role of immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface and calls for ongoing research to elucidate the complex mechanisms of immune-related RSA and to discover potential therapeutic targets. The core immune mechanism underlying RSA primarily involves the overactivation of NK cells and the dysfunction of Treg cells, leading to an imbalance in immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. Dysregulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines, along with a localized inflammatory microenvironment - such as chronic endometritis - further exacerbates this process. Future research should integrate immunophenotypic analysis with targeted therapeutic approaches, such as modulating NK cell activity or enhancing Treg function, to improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with RSA.