Epidemiological Profile of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Single Tertiary Center in Basrah, Iraq

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), encompassing STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina, requires prompt and precise management strategies such as coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). While the global efficacy of these approaches is well-documented, limited data exists regarding ACS patients epidemiological profile, presentation and management in Iraq. Understanding regional variations is vital for enhancing ACS care and improving clinical decision-making in the Iraqi healthcare system.Objectives: This study investigates sociodemographic characteristics, baseline patient and procedural features of ACS patients treated with PCI.Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Basrah Specialist Cardiac Center between January and June 2024. Data from 388 ACS patients aged ≥18 years were analyzed, focusing on demographics, comorbidities, and clinical presentations. Variables included age, sex, BMI, smoking history, medical history and left ventricular function.Results: The study population were mostly middle-aged to elderly individuals (57.47% aged 50-69 years; mean age 59.11 years), predominantly male (70.6%). Urban and rural residents were nearly equal (50.8% vs. 49.2%). High comorbidity rates were noted: diabetes (53.5%), dyslipidemia (49.0%), and untreated hypertension (10.8%). STEMI was the most common diagnosis (64.95%), and PCI was the primary management (54.4%). Conclusions: This study highlights the high burden of cardiovascular risk factors among ACS patients undergoing PCI in Basrah, Iraq, emphasizing the need for better prevention. Despite advances, complications like pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock remain not uncommon, underscoring the importance of early detection and prompt intervention.