Evaluation of biocompatibility of bioceramic sealers with periapical tissues: an experimental study in vivo

INTRODUCTION . In the view of significant changes in the pharmacotherapy of dental diseases, bioceramic sealers, which have recently been used for root canal obturation and differ significantly in composition from the widely used epoxy sealers, are of scientific and practical interest. AIM. To develop a domestic calcium-silicate bioceramic material for endodontic treatment and to evaluate the biocompatibility of periapical tooth tissues in a comparative aspect with various sealers under experimental conditions on laboratory animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS . Laboratory studies were conducted on 12 male chinchilla rabbits weighing 3.5±0.1 kg. After the material was removed into the periodontal tissues of the animals on the 7th and 30th days of the experiment, fragments of the jaws with an experimental incisor were obtained, which were studied histologically. The study determined the biocompatibility of modern sealers: epoxy AH Plus (Dentsply Sirona, USA) and bioceramic sealers: TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG, Switzerland) and a new developed bioceramic composition Bioceramin (VladMiVa). RESULTS . The biocompatibility of sealers had a statistically significant difference between the study groups during the 7-day observation period (p ≤ 0.01). In the epoxy sealer group, reactive changes in the periapical tissues of the teeth were present throughout the observation period. At the same time, in the bioceramic sealer groups, proliferation of loose highly cellular fibrous tissue with rare small mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates was detected during the 7-day observation period, and reactive changes with periosteal osteogenesis in 30 days after the start of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS . According to the results of the study, the calcium-silicate material of foreign manufacture and the newly developed bioceramic calcium-silicate sealer of domestic manufacture showed high biocompatibility with periodontal tissues of laboratory animals’ teeth (p<0.05). At the same time, toxicity of the epoxy sealer on periodontal tissues was revealed in 7- and 30-day observation periods.