Advancing BIM implementation in Romania: Legal context and industry readiness for public construction projects

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is reshaping the global construction industry by enhancing collaboration, transparency, and sustainability throughout the project lifecycle. In Romania, however, BIM implementation in publicly funded construction projects faces significant legal, institutional, and cultural challenges. This paper examines the current regulatory landscape, focusing on national strategies, public procurement laws, and relevant technical documentation frameworks. Drawing on recent national surveys and case studies, it explores industry perceptions, technical barriers, and the level of BIM maturity. The findings reveal a growing awareness and gradual adoption of BIM, yet highlight persistent obstacles such as limited professional training, unclear legal responsibilities, and high implementation costs. Based on this analysis, the paper provides strategic recommendations for improving the regulatory framework, developing national standards, fostering interdisciplinary education, and accelerating digital transformation across the Romanian construction sector in alignment with EU policies and international best practices.