Attachment styles as mediators between autistic traits and psychological distress: The role of social and communication difficulties

Autistic traits such as social skill and communication difficulties are linked to increased risk of depression and anxiety. Attachment theory offers a useful framework for understanding these associations, as insecure attachment styles are known to affect emotion regulation and mental health. This study examined whether adult attachment styles (secure, avoidant, anxious-ambivalent) mediate the relationship between autistic traits and psychological distress. A sample of 130 adults completed measures of autistic traits, attachment, and psychological functioning. Mediation analyses revealed that social difficulties – but not communication deficits – consistently mediated the link between attachment styles and psychological symptoms. Secure attachment was protective, while avoidant and especially anxious-ambivalent styles predicted greater distress. These findings highlight the importance of addressing attachment-related processes and social functioning in interventions for individuals with elevated autistic traits.