Modeling and comprehensive strategic intervention analysis for Hepatitis A and E infections: A paradigm shift in public health dynamics

Infectious diseases like Hepatitis A and E pose substantial challenges to public health globally, necessitating innovative strategies that combine mathematical modelling with strategic intervention analysis. This study introduces a comprehensive mathematical model designed to encapsulate the complex dynamics of Hepatitis A and E infections, including susceptibility, vaccination, latent and acute phases, treatment, and recovery. A thorough quantitative analysis was performed, encompassing the non-negativity and boundedness of solutions, the disease-free equilibrium, and the basic reproductive ratio. Stability analyses provided critical insights into the local and global dynamics of the model, essential for understanding the conditions under which the diseases persist or are controlled. Sensitivity analysis highlighted key parameters driving disease transmission, aiding in the development of targeted intervention strategies. Utilizing optimal control theory, innovative intervention frameworks were formulated to optimize vaccination campaigns, allocate treatment resources efficiently, implement health education programs, and enhance sanitation measures. Numerical simulations further demonstrated the effectiveness of these interventions, showcasing their influence on population dynamics, disease prevalence, and environmental contamination.