Turkey's Legal Contribution to the South Africa v. Israel Case: An Analysis within the Framework of Article 63 of the ICJ Statute

This study examines the legal submission made by Turkey regarding its intervention in the judicial proceedings initiated by South Africa against Israel. The study considers Turkey's legal reasoning in comparison with the approaches adopted by other intervening states. It identifies common legal approaches among intervening states, including their emphasis on the jus cogens status of the prohibition of genocide, the erga omnes partes nature of obligations to prevent genocide, and the possibility of establishing genocidal intent through indirect evidence. Turkey's intervention makes distinctive contributions in three areas: its interpretation of responsibilities arising from occupying power status; its argument that systematic destruction of health systems constitutes genocide; and its analysis of the relationship between apartheid and genocide. The study also identifies aspects that could have strengthened Turkey's application, including a more comprehensive challenge to Israel's self-defense argument, greater emphasis on cultural heritage destruction as evidence of genocidal intent, deeper analysis of the prevention obligation's scope, and more thorough examination of humanitarian aid obstruction. The research concludes that Article 63 interventions serve as important mechanisms for developing and clarifying international norms. The ICJ's assessment of these interventions will potentially contribute significantly to the evolution of international law regarding erga omnes partes obligations, determination of genocidal intent, and the scope of genocide prevention obligations. Future research should include detailed analysis of the ICJ's assessments of intervention applications in this case and examination of their effects on the development of international law, particularly concerning the relationship between genocide and other international crimes, and the scope of prevention obligations for occupying powers.