The fragile workforce: Indonesian youth workers vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic

COVID-19 pandemic has triggered one of the most severe employment crises globally, and Indonesia was among countries hit by this pandemic. Its impact has been disproportionately felt by vulnerable groups, particularly young workers who are still in the early stages of their careers. This study aims to analyse the extent to which pandemic has increased the vulnerability of young workers in Indonesia. Using data from the 2022 National Labour Force Survey (SAKERNAS), this study employs probit regression and Heckman selection model to analyse the risk of job loss and employment transitions. The findings generally indicate that young workers are more likely to lose their jobs compared to other groups. Even after re-employment, young workers experience an average wage reduction. These findings highlight the significant challenges young workers face in labour market resilience, emphasizing the need for policies that enhance skill development and strengthen employment protections.