Optimization, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Lemna minor using amylolytic cocktail produce from copra meal

Ethanol, is a renewable liquid fuel derived from the fermentation of sugars or starches in biomass. Amylase is commonly used enzyme to saccharify the raw plant biomass. Optimization of saccharification and fermentation of duckweed (Lemna minor) plays a crucial role in harnessing maximum fermentable sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis of this plant biomass. This research mainly entailed the collection and preparation of raw materials, maintenance of microorganisms, and optimization of physical and chemical variables for the production of amylolytic cocktail and ethanol. OFAT determined the significant components that influenced the yield of enzymatic activity and ethanol. RSM with CCD was used to determine the influences between factors to obtain the highest yields of enzymes and ethanol. ANOVA was done to examine the significance of factor interactions while response surface plots showed how different factors affected enzyme reaction. Aspergillus niger MTCC-12987, Saccharomyces cereviceae MTCC-171, and Candida shehatae MTCC-12913 were used for amylolytic cocktail and ethanol production, respectively. Minitab 22 software was employed and response surface regression with Central composite design was used to exmined an optimized process for maximum yield of enzyme activity and ethanol production. The highest enzyme activity value predicted by the software is 1063.81 U/mL, which was closer to the experimental value of 1072.4 U/mL. Again the maximum ethanol production predicted by software is 11.83% was closer to the experimental value of 12.1% . Thus, the conformation experiment's performance under optimal conditions fitted the model's predictions fairly closely. For the purpose of to evaluate the combined effects of all independent variables in a fermentation process that may have developed from their interaction with one another, the RSM methodology has been employed as an alternative tool for statistical analysis.