Optimisation of infrared radiation-assisted heat pump drying for Pangasius krempfi

Pangasius krempfi is a high-value aquatic species, but traditional drying methods such as sun drying and conventional kiln drying have several limitations, including extended drying times, inconsistent product quality, and limited process control.This study investigated the application of hybrid drying using a heat pump combined with infrared radiation to optimise the drying process of P. krempfi.The experimental design followed a response surface methodology (RSM) with four independent variables: drying temperature (40-60C), air velocity (1-3 m/s), material thickness (1-2 cm), and sorbitol concentration (5-25%).Evaluation criteria included drying time, rehydration rate, sensory quality, and water activity.Experimental data were analysed using second-order regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA).Optimal conditions were determined as 60C drying temperature, 1.4 m/s air velocity, 1.0 cm sample thickness, and 5% sorbitol concentration, yielding a drying time of 5.2 h, rehydration rate of 63%, sensory score of 18.34/20, and water activity of 0.57.The results highlight the potential of hybrid heat pump-infrared drying to enhance the