Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Frequency and Outcome Among Acute Leukaemia Paediatric Patients in Sudan, 2023

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a haemato-oncological emergency syndrome characterized by metabolic and electrolyte imbalances that are associated with tumor cells. The syndrome is observed when starting chemotherapy for haematological malignancies, while the incidence of spontaneous tumor lysis prior to the start of tumor therapy is rare. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of six months. A total of 91 patient records were totally covered from the University Diagnostic Center in Algezir, Sudan. For the determination of the frequency and outcome of TLS among acute leukemia paediatric patients. Of the total 91 leukemia cases retrieved from the hospital records, 60.4% were males while those from the center (Gezira, Sinar and Khartoum) represented 68.1% of the participants. ALL was found in 57.1% however, 51.6% had splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. 18.7% of cases developed TLS. 5.5% of cases died while 4.4% had complete recovery. A considerable number of patients developed TLS. ALL was affecting more patients than AML. Males were affected more common in comparison to females, with all the cases reported in ALL. Additionally, clinically identified cases was far more than laboratory one. Also, a significant association was discovered between occurrence of TLS and comorbidities. Further future researches are highly recommended.