Associations between the Lipid Profile and the Risk of Developing Hypertension – A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Hypertension is a leading global health issue, especially in low-income countries, and is strongly associated with dyslipidemia, a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite known associations, the specific relationship between lipid profiles and hypertension remains inadequately explored in local populations. This study aimed to assess the association between lipid profile components and hypertension among adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 participants (50 hypertensive and 50 normotensive individuals) at Sirat e Mustaqeem health care center, Karachi, from October to December 2024. Patients aged 30–60 years, with no prior antihypertensive treatment or chronic comorbidities, were enrolled using purposive sampling. Blood pressure was measured using standard procedures. Fasting venous blood samples were collected for lipid profile analysis, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, and HDL-C. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v21, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The study population included 65% males and 35% females. Most hypertensive patients exhibited elevated levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG, while HDL-C levels were comparable between groups. ANOVA analysis showed a significant association of cholesterol with BMI (F = 25, p < 0.05) and LDL levels (F = 20, p < 0.05). However, no within-group variability was observed, suggesting potential data homogeneity or recording issues. Conclusion: The findings suggest a significant association between dyslipidemia—particularly elevated TC, LDL-C, and TG—and hypertension. Routine monitoring of lipid profiles in hypertensive patients is recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.