Сotton (Gossypium L.) production and importance of sequencing technology for improving agronomic traits

Gossypium L. is one of the largest genera, known for its diversity and economic value among field crops, while allotetraploid cotton species have a valuable source of a model system for studying plant polyploidy, phylogeny, and breeding. This review provides, first, the production and use of Cotton (Gossypium) in the world. Second, important information on cotton cultivation and production in Kazakhstan was provided in detail. Third, we summarized the phylogeny of Gossypium L. Fourth, we provided a brief summary of morphological characteristics and whole genome sequence studies of seven allotetraploid cotton species including G. hirsutum (AD)1, G. barbadense (AD)2, G. tomentosum (AD)3, G. mustelinum (AD)4, G. darwinii (AD)5, G. ekmanianum (AD)6 and G. stephensii (AD)7. This review is valuable for future agronomic and molecular research studies on cotton.