Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes alleviate DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice through inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis via delivery of TSG-6

This study identifies TSG-6 as a pivotal mediator in BMSCs-Exo that disrupts pyroptosis-driven IBD pathogenesis by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The findings highlight BMSCs-Exo as a cell-free therapeutic strategy to mitigate intestinal inflammation and barrier damage, offering advantages over traditional MSCs-based therapies in safety and specificity. By elucidating the TSG-6/NLRP3 regulatory axis, this work provides a novel framework for developing exosome-engineered treatments for IBD and other pyroptosis-related inflammatory disorders.