Paternalism and Liberalism: a Comparative Analysis of Political Modernity in Western and Non-Western Societies

Abstract This review article explores the evolution of political modernity, democratic and liberal systems from the Renaissance to the modern era, focusing on paternalism’s relationship with liberalism. It examines the development of political modernity in Western and non-Western societies, highlighting the tensions between modernity and indigenous values in non-Western contexts. The Western genesis of political modernity, driven by the Hegelian dialectic, contrasts with conflicts in non-Western societies where political modernity clashes with cultural values. The analysis shows that paternalism varies in degree across different political and social systems. The study emphasizes the need for further research on paternalism in religion, law, and culture, especially in Islamic societies.