Study on Preparation Technology of Transition Metal Sulfide Nanomaterials

Transition metal sulfide nanomaterials (nano TMS), with their unique size, surface and quantum effects, have been playing an increasingly important role in industries, such as semiconductors. However, the properties of nano TMS are still under investigation. In order to promote their widespread application, it has been a critical issue for material preparation technology to develop a proper processing method. This article summarizes common methods for preparing nano-TMS, including top-down preparation methods using mechanical or liquid ultrasonic exfoliation, bottom-up preparation methods involving hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, chemical vapor deposition, and electrochemical deposition (collectively known as bottom-up preparation methods), as well as biomineralization production based on sulfate-reducing bacteria metabolism. It also provides examples and corresponding selection criteria. Additionally, this article analyzes the existing shortcomings in nano-TMS preparation from four aspects: production stability, detection ways, cost control, and environmental damages, and identifies potential development directions such as high-throughput microreactor technology, more research on biomineralization mechanisms, and AI-assisted reaction conditions control. It offers valuable references for large-scale industrial production and application of nano TMS.