Application of seismic refraction survey for engineering site characterizations of Weyto dam construction site, Southern Ethiopia

The study area is geographically situated within the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR), specifically encompassing portions of the Segen Zone and the South Omo Zone.It lies within the Benetsemay Woreda, in close proximity to the established urban center of Weyto Town.The terrain of the study area presents a topographically rugged landscape.Notably, this region forms an integral segment of the extensive Southern Main Ethiopian Rift System, a significant geological feature marked by considerable tectonic activity.To gain a comprehensive understanding of the subsurface characteristics at the proposed Weyto Dam construction site, a series of seismic refraction surveys were meticulously conducted.The geophysical survey was executed utilizing a sophisticated 24-channel refraction wave instrument, the Seis-24, a tool specifically designed to generate detailed velocity sections of the subsurface at the prospective dam construction location.The study area is distinguished by a multifaceted geological setting, exhibiting a diverse array of intricate tectonic structures and a variety of distinct geological formations.These formations include finegrained aphanitic basalt, various clastic sediments, metamorphic gneiss, porphyritic basalt and accumulations of pyroclastic deposits.The application of the seismic refraction survey proved instrumental in effectively identifying the different subsurface units based on the analysis of their compressional wave velocity values and the determined thicknesses of these layers.The acquired data revealed that the seismic refraction survey successfully achieved a maximum depth of investigation reaching approximately 100 meters within the defined study area, providing valuable insights into the subsurface architecture relevant to the proposed dam project.