The Diagnostic Value of Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Cohort study in Da Nang city

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a growing global health concern, with effective biomarkers needed for early diagnosis and management. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a promising marker reflecting short-term glycemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 T2D patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls at Da Nang Hospital from September 2019 to May 2020. Clinical data and laboratory results for 1,5-AG, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and fructosamine were collected. Results: The mean serum 1,5-AG concentration in T2D patients was 11.3 ± 8.0 µg/mL, significantly lower than in controls (27.2 ± 9.7 µg/mL, p < 0.01). The 1,5-AG index showed good diagnostic performance for T2D, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.897, sensitivity of 80.3%, specificity of 87.5%, and a diagnostic cutoff of 17.0 µg/mL. Negative correlations were observed between 1,5-AG and HbA1c (r = -0.512, p < 0.01), fasting glucose (r = -0.467, p < 0.01), and fructosamine (r = -0.489, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Serum 1,5-AG is a valuable biomarker for diagnosing T2D, offering good sensitivity and specificity in a Vietnamese population.