Assess the Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Blood Glucose Concentrations in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes at the Son Tra District Medical Center in Da Nang city

Background: Elevated serum uric acid (UA) is implicated in insulin resistance, potentially contributing to the progression of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the UA-glucose relationship may aid early intervention to prevent complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to June 2024 at Son Tra District Medical Center, Da Nang, involving 226 patients (117 prediabetes, 109 T2D). Medical records were reviewed for UA and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, with Pearson correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA for associations (p < 0.05). Results: Mean UA was higher in prediabetes (463 ± 84 µmol/L) than T2D (425 ± 91 µmol/L, p < 0.01). Hyperuricemia prevalence was 70.6% in prediabetes and 59.2% in T2D. UA levels were higher in males than females in both groups (p < 0.01). A moderate positive correlation between UA and FPG was found in prediabetes (r = 0.383, p < 0.001; UA = 85.568 × FPG − 67.694), but not in T2D (r = −0.049, p = 0.958). UA increased with FPG levels <7.0 mmol/L (p < 0.05) but showed no trend at higher FPG. Conclusion: Higher UA in prediabetes and its correlation with FPG suggest a role in early insulin resistance. Routine UA screening in prediabetes may facilitate early intervention to mitigate T2D progression and cardiovascular risks.