Assessment of upper airway and temporomandibular joint changes in growing patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, treated with the Twin Block appliance: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study

Growing patients treated with the TWB appliance demonstrated a statistically significant increase in upper airway volume. In addition, there was a significant increase in condylar volume, width, and length, with the condyle repositioned more anteriorly within the glenoid fossa. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the TMJ and upper airway measurements.