THE FORMATION OF SINGULAR AND PLURAL PRONOUNS AND THEIR SEMANTIC-FUNCTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS IN LITERARY EASTERN ARMENIAN, GERMAN, AND RUSSIAN

This article is dedicated to the study of the category of numerical realization of pronouns in literary Eastern Armenian, German, and Russian, with particular attention to their relational characteristics, morphological heterogeneity, and syntactic peculiarities. The analysis identifies three principal models of numerical realization in pronouns: dual-number forms, pronouns that occur exclusively in the singular, and pronouns that function solely in the plural. The morphological heterogeneity and syntactic distinctiveness of pronouns play a crucial role in shaping their stylistic variability, which is particularly evident in the domain of number. The singular, encompassing a broader semantic field, in certain contexts allows for a more generalized and expansive conceptualization than the plural. The comparative examination of structural and semantic asymmetries in numerical forms across these three languages seeks to uncover both universal linguistic patterns and language-specific features, reflecting fundamental properties of their grammatical systems and cognitive frameworks. This investigation not only reveals significant differences in the use of numerical pronoun forms but also demonstrates how these distinctions contribute to a deeper understanding of the unique grammatical mechanisms governing each language. By highlighting these discrepancies, the study underscores the importance of number as a key factor in linguistic variation and cognitive categorization across languages.