PARTICIPATION OF THE ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SWALLOWING

The aim of this article is to enhance the theoretical and practical knowledge of speech therapists working in the healthcare system, with a focus on rehabilitative assistance for individuals with swallowing disorders and the reduction of associated risks. It should be noted that, to this day, the complete treatment of various swallowing disorders remains primarily the responsibility of physicians, as overcoming these disorders significantly improves the patient’s quality of life. However, the involvement of speech therapists in the rehabilitation process not only enhances the patient’s functional abilities but also contributes to their social and psychological well-being. To provide effective rehabilitative treatment, speech therapists must have a clear understanding of both normal and pathological swallowing processes. Swallowing is a complex function requiring the coordinated effort of multiple organs and systems, from the oral cavity to the stomach. This article highlights the essential role of nutrition in sustaining human life, emphasizing that the consumption of nutrients, water, minerals, and vitamins is crucial for energy production. This process is only possible due to the synchronized function of various organs, including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and other related systems. Our goal is to assist speech therapists in accurately diagnosing swallowing disorders and developing individualized rehabilitation strategies. Ultimately, when swallowing difficulties arise, the primary objective of speech therapists is to improve the safety and efficiency of swallowing, thereby enhancing the patient’s quality of life and reducing the risks of complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia.