Antidiabetic Activity of Microcapsules of Protium javanicum Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Protium javanicum leaves contain phenolic compounds that can be developed as antidiabetic agents. Extraction and microencapsulation are two ways to utilize phenolic compounds in P. javanicum leaves to be applied as antidiabetic agents. The study aimed to assess the antidiabetic potential of P. javanicum leaf extract microcapsules in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The parameters observed in this research included the chemical composition of microcapsules, rats' weight, insulin levels, blood glucose concentration, and pancreatic histopathology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. One-way variance analysis was performed to identify the significant difference among the samples at p-value < 0.05. The findings indicated that administration of microcapsules at 100 mg/kg bw effectively reduces blood glucose levels by 66.25%, increases insulin levels by 36.45% and reduces the number of β-cells undergoing necrosis. The antidiabetic properties of microcapsules of ethanol extract of P. javanicum leaves are thought to be through the mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity and pancreatic β-cell repair. Improvement of pancreatic conditions will increase insulin secretion, resulting in decreased blood glucose.