Quantifying Tree Canopy Gaps in Urban Forestry within University of Port Harcourt and Surrounding Communities

Urban tree canopy gap plays a critical role in shaping the ecological health, climate resilience, and social well-being of cities. This study focuses on the quantification of tree canopy gaps within urban forests, specifically within the University of Port Harcourt and its surrounding communities. GPS was used to pick the location of urban trees in the study area. Random point sampling technique was used and the points were manually categorised to estimate the urban tree canopy cover. Data was collected from Landsat8 imageries using ArcGis10.4 Software for image classification of urban tree cover and its canopy area was computed in square meters. Canopy gaps were measured using spatial measurement tools in ArcGis 10.4 environment. Abuja campus had the highest number of trees (125) and total crown area (2230.785m2) while Omuoko had the least number of trees (22) and total crown area (134.645m2). The least canopy gap was observed in Abuja campus (11.9m) while the highest canopy gap was observed in Rumuekini community (234.43m). Fruit trees such as Cocus nucifera, Mangnifera indica, Persea americana were common in the surrounding communities within study area unlike other timber trees that are concentrated in the University environment alone. Neighborhoods with less tree cover often experience harsher environmental conditions, such as higher temperatures and lower air quality, emphasizing the need for equitable green space initiatives. Measuring the extent and distribution of canopy gaps, the study identifies areas lacking adequate tree cover, highlighting disparities in green space access and revealing socio-economic inequalities. The findings demonstrated that well-managed canopy gaps support biodiversity, promote plant regeneration, and contribute to environmental services, such as carbon sequestration and microclimate regulation. However, excessive or unmanaged gaps can lead to ecological instability, allowing invasive species to thrive and reducing carbon storage capacity. By quantifying canopy gaps, urban planners and policymakers can develop targeted strategies to enhance canopy cover.